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I feel that it is time to discuss Japanese verbs and how to conjugate them. There are three classes of verbs in Japanese: Godan Doushi, Ichidan Doushi, and Irregular Verbs. Godan verbs end in “u”, Ichidan verbs end in “iru” or “eru” while there are only two irregular verbs (suru, kuru). In this post we’ll discuss some Godan verbs. Here are some examples: For those of you who’ve never formally studied a language before, when verbs are conjugated they are changed from the root verb in order to reflect gender, number, tense, person, etc. Let me first say that there are very many resources about Japanese verbs and how to conjugate them both in print and online. This post is meant to you get a basic understanding. For a more in depth look into verb forms and their conjugations, see the sources listed below this post. In our native language, we most likely take verb conjugation for granted. Conjugating verbs is just something that we do, seemingly, innately. Here's a bit of a refresher on verbs. All verbs have a root form. That’s the form of the verb before it’s conjugated. In English, for example, if the root verb is “to eat,” you can conjugate it as: I eat, he eats, she eats, we eat, they eat, etc. Luckily in Japanese, you don’t have to worry about gender, person or number when it comes to conjugating verbs. All you have to think about is the politeness, the tense, the negative and other special verb forms. I’m far from being a Japanese grammarian. So for the next few weeks, I’ll be giving you a general overview of the three types or groups of verbs and how to conjugate them. Also, please understand that there are some exceptions with root verb endings. With that in mind, let’s continue. First, you need to understand that Japanese verbs in their root (dictionary) forms are only used when speaking in very causal situations. If you watch anime, read manga or visit Japan, you may hear conversations in which people use the dictionary form of verbs. Most of our conversations in Japanese, at least at first, will probably be in the polite form. Since it’s always better to err on the side of being polite, in these posts I’ll just focus on the formal, present tense conjugations. Class (or Group) 1 Verbs: Godan Doushi To conjugate these verbs in the present tense, take the dictionary form of the verb, remove the “u” and add “imasu.” For example: aruku → aruk + imasu = arukimasu 歩く → = 歩きます asobu → asob + imasu = asobimasu 遊ぶ → 遊びます chigau → chiga + imasu = chigaimasu 違う → 違います kiku → kik + imasu = kikimasu 聞く → 聞きます There are seeming exceptions to this rule. One such exception is verbs with the “su” and “tsu” ending. These verbs drop the “su” and “tsu” then add the “shimasu” and “chimasu” ending. For example: hanasu → hana + shimasu = hanashimasu and tatsu → ta + chimasu = tachimasu Although, I haven’t found an official explanation for this difference in conjugation, I can speculate here. If you’ll recall my posts on the Japanese alphabet (sa, shi, su, se, so and ta, chi, tsu, te, to), you may remember that there is no sound of “si” or “tsi”in Japanese. Instead, there are the “shi” and “chi” sounds. Perhaps this is why all Godan verbs ending in a “su” or “tsu” sound end up being conjugated with “shimasu” or “chimasu” as the ending. Here’s this week’s Thought Assignment (#9): Try conjugating these Godan verbs. Yes, I know I didn’t list them above. You should still be able to conjugate them using the rules for Godan verbs provided. 1. 会う = あう = au 2. 買う = かう = kau 3. 掛かる= かかる = kakaru 4. 押す= おす = osu 5. 待つ= まつ = matsu Next week I’ll give you the answers to, and the word meanings in, Thought Assignment #9. As always remember to … Try your best! Ganbatte kudasai, 頑張ってください! And have a great week. For bonus content, please check out my SubscribeStar. Thank you! Sources: * Abe, Namiko. "Learn How to Conjugate Japanese Verbs." ThoughtCo, Jan. 5, 2019, https://thoughtco.com/how-to-conjugate-japanese-verbs-4058457. * Kim Ahlström, Miwa Ahlström and Andrew Plummer. Jisho.org by available at https://jisho.org * Wikipedia contributors. (2019, September 18). Japanese verb conjugation. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 18:00, October 8, 2019, from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Japanese_verb_conjugation&oldid=916300607 * Beginner Japanese/Godan Verbs. (2019, June 22). Wikiversity. Retrieved 18:07, June 22, 2019 from https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Beginner_Japanese/Godan_Verbs&oldid=2026182. * Beginner Japanese/Ichidan Verbs. (2019, April 13). Wikiversity. Retrieved 13:28, April 13, 2019 from https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Beginner_Japanese/Ichidan_Verbs&oldid=1997446. * Wiktionary contributors, (2019, September 30), In Wiktionary: Appendix:1000 Japanese basic words, Verbs. Retrieved 08:11, October 7, 2019, from https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:1000_Japanese_basic_words#Verbs Affiliates:
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